Documento de consenso español para el algoritmo de tratamiento de la rosácea / Spanish Consensus Document on the Treatment Algorithm for Rosacea

Las últimas evidencias científicas y la incorporación de nuevos fármacos al arsenal terapéutico de la rosácea hacen necesario revisar y actualizar los criterios y estrategias de tratamiento. Con este fin, un grupo de 15 dermatólogos expertos en esta enfermedad aportaron y discutieron acerca de las diferentes terapias y los criterios de respuesta y cambio de tratamiento. Partiendo de la revisión crítica de la bibliografía y de la exposición de los hábitos de los dermatólogos españoles en su práctica clínica, se formularon distintas propuestas que fueron debatidas teniendo en consideración tanto la experiencia profesional como las preferencias de los pacientes o los criterios de equidad. Una vez validadas las propuestas, se formularon las recomendaciones finales que, junto con la evidencia aportada por las principales guías y estudios internacionales, dieron lugar al presente documento. El objetivo de este consenso es ofrecer al dermatólogo un enfoque práctico para abordar la rosácea

Recent scientific evidence and the incorporation of new drugs into the therapeutic arsenal against rosacea have made it necessary to review and update treatment criteria and strategies. To this end, a panel of 15 dermatologists, all experts in rosacea, was formed to share experiences and discuss treatment options, response criteria, and changes to treatment. Based on a critical review of the literature and a discussion of the routine practices of Spanish dermatologists, the panel proposed and debated different options, with consideration of the experience of professionals and the preferences of patients or equality criteria. Following validation of the proposals, the final recommendations were formulated and, together with the evidence from the main international guidelines and studies, used to produce this consensus document. The goal of this consensus document is to provide dermatologists with practical recommendations for the management of rosacea

Spanish Consensus Document on the Treatment Algorithm for Rosacea. / Documento de consenso español para el algoritmo de tratamiento de la rosácea.

Recent scientific evidence and the incorporation of new drugs into the therapeutic arsenal against rosacea have made it necessary to review and update treatment criteria and strategies. To this end, a panel of 15 dermatologists, all experts in rosacea, was formed to share experiences and discuss treatment options, response criteria, and changes to treatment. Based on a critical review of the literature and a discussion of the routine practices of Spanish dermatologists, the panel proposed and debated different options, with consideration of the experience of professionals and the preferences of patients or equality criteria. Following validation of the proposals, the final recommendations were formulated and, together with the evidence from the main international guidelines and studies, used to produce this consensus document. The goal of this consensus document is to provide dermatologists with practical recommendations for the management of rosacea.

Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 1909-2009. El legado / Actas Dermo-Sif iliográf icas 1909-2009. The Legacy

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Stage IV cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease. Clinical and histological study of 15 cases.

BACKGROUND: The most severe form of cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), stage IV, is characterized by the appearance of vesicles and blisters. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinicopathological characteristics and evolution of stage IV cutaneous aGVHD presented in our hospital. METHOD: Retrospective study. The following criteria for inclusion were applied: (i) patients subjected to allogeneic stem cell transplantation between 1st January 1984 and 31st of December 2006; (ii) development of vesicles and/or blisters; (iii) extracutaneous coincidental aGVHD manifestations; and (iv) presence of histopathological features consistent with aGVHD. RESULTS: Fifteen cases (10 females and 5 males) were studied. The mean age was 38.1 years. The lesions appeared after a median interval of 19 days, always following a milder stage of GVHD. Two patterns of clinical evolution were found. Mucosal involvement was observed in nine patients. Nikolsky's sign was positive in eight patients. Nine of the patients had biopsies of the vesiculobullous stage which showed a subepidermal blister with epidermal necrosis and basal vacuolar degeneration. Only two patients survived. CONCLUSION: Stage IV cutaneous aGVHD is a severe and unusual complication after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Prognosis is poor with a very high mortality rate, although the cause of death is varied and not strictly linked to the cutaneous disease.

Cutaneous expression of systemic candidiasis.

Skin lesions associated with Candida septicaemia occur only in a minority of patients, who are usually immunocompromised, but they can help to establish a diagnosis rapidly. The lesions form a characteristic maculopapular or nodular rash at the onset of the infection. We report three cases of systemic candidiasis (SC) with cutaneous manifestations in immunocompromised patients. In these patients, the lesions started as asymptomatic or slightly pruriginous macules, papules or nodules localized on the trunk and extremities. The patients' general condition was very poor and they presented a high fever at the onset of the illness. Candida spp. were isolated from blood in all cases, and histology showed yeasts in two of them. Most of the lesions resolved with antifungal treatment. The diagnosis of SC is often delayed or missed because of the absence of useful diagnostic tools, the varying clinical manifestations and the frequent negativity (50-75%) of blood cultures for Candida. Fluconazole is the treatment of choice for Candida albicans, but treatment response is unknown for other Candida spp., which may require treatment with amphotericin B.

Psoralen plus ultraviolet A +/- interferon-alpha treatment resistance in mycosis fungoides: the role of tumour microenvironment, nuclear transcription factor-kappaB and T-cell receptor pathways.

BACKGROUND: Interferon (IFN)-alpha is widely used in the treatment of mycosis fungoides (MF) and when used in combination with photochemotherapy (psoralen plus ultraviolet A, PUVA) both improved response and duration of complete remission have been reported. However, in spite of encouraging results of the initial studies, currently there is no information available on specific prognostic factors enabling prediction of patients' resistance to PUVA +/- IFN-alpha treatment. OBJECTIVES: To identify factors responsible for resistance to PUVA +/- IFN-alpha treatment in MF patients. PATIENTS/METHODS: The gene expression profiling of pretreatment samples from 29 patients diagnosed as IA, IB or IIA stage of MF enrolled in a randomized PUVA vs. PUVA + IFN-alpha clinical trial was analysed using cDNA microarrays. A Cox model (SAM) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used for identification of genes and biologically significant pathways related to resistance to treatment. RESULTS: Genes involved in NF-kappaB signalling, T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling, cytokine signalling and proliferation were differentially expressed between responders and nonresponders. Interestingly, expression of markers representative of those pathways was found not only in the tumoral cells, but also in specific subpopulations of macrophages, dendritic cells and other non-neoplastic cell types constituting the tumour microenvironment, likely involved in the promotion of survival and proliferation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression changes in both the tumour and the tumour microenvironment are an important determinant of treatment outcome in early-stage MF patients. Some proinflammatory factors such as NF-kappaB, inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in addition to TCR-associated molecules could be promising targets for MF treatment.

Cutaneous lichenoid graft-versus-host disease mimicking lupus erythematosus.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the main complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and the skin is the most commonly involved organ. The clinical presentation is varied and may resemble autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma, lichen planus or lichen sclerosus. Chronic GVHD presenting with a butterfly malar rash mimicking lupus erythematosus is uncommon. We report a series of five patients with cutaneous lichenoid GVHD that presented with a butterfly malar rash. Two of our patients had positive antinuclear antibody titres. The evolution was poor with development of sclerodermatous GVHD lesions in three patients and relapse of their haematological disease in two.

[Off-label use of biologic agents in the treatment of dermatosis, part 2: etanercept, efalizumab, alefacept, rituximab, daclizumab, basiliximab, omalizumab, and cetuximab]. / Uso de fármacos biológicos en dermatosis fuera de la indicación aprobada. Segunda parte: etanercept, efalizumab, alefacept, rituximab, daclizumab, basiliximab, omalizumab y cetuximab.

In recent years, a series of new drugs have been developed through the application of molecular biology. These drugs act by blocking specific molecules of the immune system and have been developed to act on specific targets that play an important role in the pathophysiology of the diseases in which their therapeutic use has now been approved. Over time, experience has been accumulated in the use of these drugs in the treatment of skin diseases for which they have not been approved but in which the pathophysiology suggests that they could also be effective. The use of these drugs is increasing in difficult-to-treat cases of skin diseases for which the drugs are not approved. The second part of this review of off-label use of biologic agents in dermatology considers the use of etanercept, efalizumab, alefacept, rituximab, basiliximab, omalizumab, and cetuximab.

Uso de fármacos biológicos en dermatosis fuera de la indicación aprobada. Segunda parte: etanercept, efalizumab, alefacept, rituximab, daclizumab, basiliximab, omalizumab y cetuximab / Off-Label Use of Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Dermatosis,Part 2: Etanercept, Efalizumab, Alefacept, Rituximab, Daclizumab, Basiliximab, Omalizumab, and Cetuximab

En los últimos años han aparecido una serie de nuevos fármacos desarrollados por biología molecular. Estos medicamentos actúan bloqueando moléculas específicas del sistema inmunológico y se desarrollan para actuar sobre dianas específicas que tienen un papel importante en la fisiopatología de determinadas enfermedades para cuyo tratamiento son aprobadas. Con el tiempo se ha ido adquiriendo experiencia con estos medicamentos en el tratamiento de dermatosis para las que no han sido diseñados, pero para las que, por compartir un mismo mecanismo fisiopatológico, pueden ser útiles. El empleo de estos medicamentos en el tratamiento de casos difíciles de numerosas enfermedades dermatológicas para las cuales no están aprobados es creciente. Esta segunda parte de la revisión analiza el uso, fuera de indicación, en el tratamiento de la dermatosis de los siguientes fármacos biológicos: etanercept, efalizumab, alefacept, rituximab, daclizumab, basiliximab, omalizumab y cetuximab

In recent years, a series of new drugs have been developed through the application of molecular biology. These drugs act by blocking specific molecules of the immune system and have been developed to act on specific targets that play an important role in the pathophysiology of the diseases in which their therapeutic use has now been approved. Over time, experience has been accumulated in the use of these drugs in the treatment of skin diseases for which they have not been approved but in which the pathophysiology suggests that they could also be effective. The use of these drugs is increasing in difficult-to-treat cases of skin diseases for which the drugs are not approved. The second part of this review of off-label use of biologic agents in dermatology considers the use of etanercept, efalizumab, alefacept, rituximab, basiliximab, omalizumab, and cetuximab

Uso de fármacos biológicos en dermatosis fuera de la indicación aprobada. Primera parte: infliximab y adalimumab / Off-label use of biologic agents in the treatment of dermatosis, part 1: infliximab and adalimumab

En los últimos años el armamento terapéutico de los dermatólogos se ha incrementado como consecuencia de la introducción de múltiples fármacos biológicos. En Dermatología los inmunomoduladores están aprobados únicamente para la psoriasis. No obstante todos estos medicamentos han abierto nuevas posibilidades de tratamiento para numerosas dermatosis inflamatorias. La eficacia y el perfil de seguridad de estos fármacos puede considerarse mejor al de los inmunosupresores clásicos, dado que actúan sobre mecanismos inmunológicos más específicos, siendo muy probable que en los próximos años estos medicamentos biológicos adquieran un importante papel en el campo de la Dermatología. Este artículo, primera parte de la revisión de usos fuera de indicación de fármacos biológicos en Dermatología, describe los anticuerpos antifactor de necrosis tumoral (TNF): infliximab y adalimumab

In recent years, the therapeutic armamentarium available to dermatologists has been extended thanks to the development of numerous biologic agents. In our field, immunomodulators--although currently only approved for psoriasis--have given rise to new therapeutic possibilities in a number of inflammatory skin diseases. Since these new agents have more specific immunologic mechanisms of action, their efficacy and safety is an improvement on traditional immunosuppressants. Consequently, it is very likely that they will play an important role in dermatology in the next few years. This article, the first part of a review of off-label use of biologic agents in dermatology, describes the anti-tumor necrosis factor-a antibodies, infliximab and adalimumab

[Off-label use of biologic agents in the treatment of dermatosis, Part 1: infliximab and adalimumab]. / Uso de fármacos biológicos en dermatosis fuera de la indicación aprobada. Primera parte: infliximab y adalimumab.

In recent years, the therapeutic armamentarium available to dermatologists has been extended thanks to the development of numerous biologic agents. In our field, immunomodulators--although currently only approved for psoriasis--have given rise to new therapeutic possibilities in a number of inflammatory skin diseases. Since these new agents have more specific immunologic mechanisms of action, their efficacy and safety is an improvement on traditional immunosuppressants. Consequently, it is very likely that they will play an important role in dermatology in the next few years. This article, the first part of a review of off-label use of biologic agents in dermatology, describes the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies, infliximab and adalimumab.

[Septic vasculopathy]. / Vasculopatía séptica.

Sepsis is one of the commonest causes of death around the world. The real frequency of cutaneous lesions in the setting of sepsis is unknown, but when they appear, they are usually one of the earliest signs of sepsis, thus allowing a rapid diagnosis of this potentially life-threatening condition. Four are the main physiopathologic mechanisms that can induce cutaneous lesions in sepsis: a) disseminated intravascular coagulation; b) direct vessel wall invasion by the microorganism; c) immune-mediated vasculitis, and d) septic embolism. We know that more than one of these mechanisms can appear in one single patient. In this review, we analyse these four mechanisms, their clinical presentation, and the histological findings that can be found in the cutaneous biopsy.

Vasculopatía séptica / Septic Vasculopathy

La sepsis es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en todo el mundo. Se desconoce la frecuencia con la que aparecen lesiones cutáneas en el contexto de una sepsis, pero en la mayoría de los casos constituyen una de las manifestaciones iniciales, que permitirán un diagnóstico precoz, de esta grave enfermedad que puede comprometer la vida. Se han descrito 4 mecanismos fisiopatológicos fundamentales por los que se producen lesiones cutáneas en el contexto de una sepsis: a) coagulación intravascular diseminada; b) invasión directa del microorganismo de la pared vascular; c) vasculitis de mecanismo inmune y d) embolismo séptico. Se sabe que estos mecanismos no son excluyentes y en un mismo paciente se pueden solapar varios de ellos. En esta revisión analizaremos cada uno de estos mecanismos, las manifestaciones clínicas que inducen y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos que se pueden encontrar en la biopsia cutánea (AU)

Sepsis is one of the commonest causes of death around the world. The real frequency of cutaneous lesions in the setting of sepsis is unknown, but when they appear, they are usually one of the earliest signs of sepsis, thus allowing a rapid diagnosis of this potentially life-threatening condition. Four are the main physiopathologic mechanisms that can induce cutaneous lesions in sepsis: a) disseminated intravascular coagulation; b) direct vessel wall invasion by the microorganism; c) immune-mediated vasculitis, and d) septic embolism. We know that more than one of these mechanisms can appear in one single patient. In this review, we analyse these four mechanisms, their clinical presentation, and the histological findings that can be found in the cutaneous biopsy (AU)